How people and jobs find each other: Micro-level spatial adjustment mechanisms between human capital supply and demand

Gintare Morkute

How people and jobs find each other: Micro-level spatial adjustment mechanisms between human capital supply and demand

Gintare Morkute

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Door de proliferatie van informatietechnologieën en groeiende competitie hebben moderne economieën in toenemende mate behoefte aan menselijk kapitaal. Moderne economieën hebben tevens steeds meer menselijk kapitaal tot hun beschikking, wat blijkt uit de stijgende opleidingsniveaus van de werkende bevolking. Het wordt daarom steeds belangrijker dat arbeidsvraag en -aanbod op elkaar zijn afgestemd. Tegelijkertijd zijn er echter substantiële zoek- en mobiliteitskosten verbonden aan het realiseren van deze afstemming tussen mensen en banen.

Uit de kwantitatieve analyses in dit proefschrift is gebleken dat participanten op de arbeidsmarkt in hun lokale omgeving zijn ingebed en dat geografische afstand een belangrijk obstakel vormt voor wederzijdse aanpassingen tussen mensen en banen. De analyses geven aan dat de beschikbaarheid van menselijk kapitaal van invloed is op de banencreatie van lokale bedrijven, maar niet op de relocatie van niet-lokale bedrijven. Een mogelijke verklaring hiervoor is dat arbeidsmarktinformatie vooral in de lokale omgeving door directe persoonlijke communicatie verkregen wordt. Daarnaast suggereren de bevindingen dat werkenden in hun rechtstreekse werkomgeving kennis vergaren die die ze later in hun baanzoektocht kunnen benutten. Hierdoor zijn werkenden sterk geneigd om in de buurt van hun oude werklocatie te blijven werken. Maar ook als de geografie buiten beschouwing wordt gelaten, wordt efficiënte benutting van menselijk kapitaal belemmerd doordat werkgevers maar over beperkte informatie beschikken over het vermogen van werknemers.

Kortom, accurate arbeidsmarktinformatie is niet gemakkelijk toegankelijk voor participanten op de arbeidsmarkt. Zowel werkgevers als werknemers baseren zich op direct beschikbare signalen die verre van perfect zijn. Lokale kenmerken zijn belangrijk bij de besluitvorming op de arbeidsmarkt en zowel werkgevers als werknemers zijn sterk ingebed in hun regio’s.

Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	van Dijk, Jouke, Supervisor Koster, Sierdjan, Co-supervisor
Datum van toekenning	21-dec.-2017
Plaats van publicatie	[Groningen]
Uitgever	University of Groningen
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-94-034-0214-7
Elektronische ISBN's	978-94-034-0213-0
Status	Published - 2017

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Title and contentsFinal publisher's version, 1,21 MB
Chapter 1Final publisher's version, 1,25 MB
Chapter 2Final publisher's version, 1,7 MB
Chapter 3Final publisher's version, 2,16 MB
Chapter 4Final publisher's version, 2,64 MB
Chapter 5Final publisher's version, 3,28 MB
Chapter 6Final publisher's version, 1,96 MB
Samenvatting in het NederlandsFinal publisher's version, 1,63 MB
AcknowledgementsFinal publisher's version, 1,28 MB
Complete thesisFinal publisher's version, 2,88 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 104 KB

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@phdthesis{096ec9c2b16c4aee81b4b9576869d30a,

title = "How people and jobs find each other: Micro-level spatial adjustment mechanisms between human capital supply and demand",

abstract = "Modern economies require high levels of human capital as dictated by the proliferation of information technology and increased competition. They also have high levels of human capital available to them as evident from rising education levels of employees. As a result, efficient matching of human capital to the right economic activity has become crucial for competitiveness of firms and regions alike. At the same time, there are significant costs involved in employers and employees learning about each other and accessing each other.This thesis finds that labour market participants are embedded in their local environment and that geographical distance is an important obstacle to the adjustments of employers and employees alike. The results demonstrate that human capital availability affects job creation by local firms but not job relocation by nonlocal firms. The suggested explanation for the local character of firm adjustments is that labour market information is primarily accessed in the local environment and through face-to-face interactions. Similarly, it is suggested that employees accumulate knowledge of their immediate working environment which aids them in subsequent local job search. As a result, employees demonstrate a substantial stickiness to their working locations. Yet also in an aspatial setting the efficient use of human capital is hindered by employers{\textquoteright} having limited information about job applicants{\textquoteright} ability and relying on signals. In conclusion, accurate labour market information is not easily accessible to both firms and people. Both sides tend to react to cues and readily available knowledge, imperfect as they may be. Local characteristics are important in shaping labour market decisions and both employers and employees appear to be spatially myopic.",

author = "Gintare Morkute",

year = "2017",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-94-034-0214-7",

publisher = "University of Groningen",

school = "University of Groningen",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - How people and jobs find each other

T2 - Micro-level spatial adjustment mechanisms between human capital supply and demand

AU - Morkute, Gintare

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Modern economies require high levels of human capital as dictated by the proliferation of information technology and increased competition. They also have high levels of human capital available to them as evident from rising education levels of employees. As a result, efficient matching of human capital to the right economic activity has become crucial for competitiveness of firms and regions alike. At the same time, there are significant costs involved in employers and employees learning about each other and accessing each other.This thesis finds that labour market participants are embedded in their local environment and that geographical distance is an important obstacle to the adjustments of employers and employees alike. The results demonstrate that human capital availability affects job creation by local firms but not job relocation by nonlocal firms. The suggested explanation for the local character of firm adjustments is that labour market information is primarily accessed in the local environment and through face-to-face interactions. Similarly, it is suggested that employees accumulate knowledge of their immediate working environment which aids them in subsequent local job search. As a result, employees demonstrate a substantial stickiness to their working locations. Yet also in an aspatial setting the efficient use of human capital is hindered by employers’ having limited information about job applicants’ ability and relying on signals. In conclusion, accurate labour market information is not easily accessible to both firms and people. Both sides tend to react to cues and readily available knowledge, imperfect as they may be. Local characteristics are important in shaping labour market decisions and both employers and employees appear to be spatially myopic.

AB - Modern economies require high levels of human capital as dictated by the proliferation of information technology and increased competition. They also have high levels of human capital available to them as evident from rising education levels of employees. As a result, efficient matching of human capital to the right economic activity has become crucial for competitiveness of firms and regions alike. At the same time, there are significant costs involved in employers and employees learning about each other and accessing each other.This thesis finds that labour market participants are embedded in their local environment and that geographical distance is an important obstacle to the adjustments of employers and employees alike. The results demonstrate that human capital availability affects job creation by local firms but not job relocation by nonlocal firms. The suggested explanation for the local character of firm adjustments is that labour market information is primarily accessed in the local environment and through face-to-face interactions. Similarly, it is suggested that employees accumulate knowledge of their immediate working environment which aids them in subsequent local job search. As a result, employees demonstrate a substantial stickiness to their working locations. Yet also in an aspatial setting the efficient use of human capital is hindered by employers’ having limited information about job applicants’ ability and relying on signals. In conclusion, accurate labour market information is not easily accessible to both firms and people. Both sides tend to react to cues and readily available knowledge, imperfect as they may be. Local characteristics are important in shaping labour market decisions and both employers and employees appear to be spatially myopic.

M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)

SN - 978-94-034-0214-7

PB - University of Groningen

CY - [Groningen]

ER -

How people and jobs find each other: Micro-level spatial adjustment mechanisms between human capital supply and demand

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