Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon

Ramesh Kumar Chowdari, Shilpa Agarwal, Hero Jan Heeres*

*Corresponding author voor dit werk

Onderzoeksoutput: ArticleAcademicpeer review

50 Citaten (Scopus)
339 Downloads (Pure)

Samenvatting

The conversion of lignin to biofuels and biobased chemicals is currently attracting a lot of attention. We here report on the valorization of Kraft lignin by a catalytic hydrotreatment using Ni, Mo, and W phosphide catalysts supported on activated carbon in the absence of an external solvent. Experiments were carried out in a batch setup in the temperature range of 400-500 degrees C and 100 bar initial H-2 pressure. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The lignin oils were analyzed extensively by different techniques such as GPC, GC-MS-FID, C-13 NMR, and elemental analysis. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC-FID) was applied to identify and quantify distinct groups of compounds (aromatics, alkylphenolics, alkanes, etc.). Mo-based catalysts displayed higher activity compared to the W -containing catalysts. The reaction parameters such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were studied for two catalysts (15MoP/AC and 20NiMoP/AC), and optimized reaction conditions regarding yields of monomeric components were identified (400 degrees C, 100 bar H-2 at RT, 10 wt % catalyst loading on lignin intake). The highest monomer yield (45.7 wt % on lignin) was obtained for the 20NiMoP/AC (Ni 5.6 wt %, Mo 9.1 wt %, P 5.9 wt %) catalyst, which includes 25% alkylphenolics, 8.7% aromatics, and 9.9% alkanes. Our results clearly reveal that the phosphide catalysts are highly efficient catalyst to depolymerize the Kraft lignin to valuable biobased chemicals and outperform sulfided NiMo catalysts (monomer yield on lignin <30 wt %).

Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)2044-2055
Aantal pagina's23
TijdschriftACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Volume7
Nummer van het tijdschrift2
DOI's
StatusPublished - 21-jan.-2019

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