Modular kirigami arrays for distributed actuation systems in adaptive optics

The demands on adaptive optics are increasing to achieve high performance and meet the requirements for accuracy and reliability with these systems. At present, common technologies for actuator arrays are highly developed and designed in complex arrangements leading to bulky devices. In this work, we propose a novel approach for designing modular actuation arrays by means of kirigami metasheets realigned in parallel and leveled in-plane. The study focuses on the numerical analysis of different cut patterns to couple lift-off motions within a thin, scalable sheet. A design of a modular actuation array is explained and illustrated in the context of a deformable mirror. The optimal lift-off positions within the array are calculated for this example by a proposed positioning algorithm which makes use of common methods in adaptive optics such as Zernike polynomial fitting. The algorithm is validated by several simulations calculating the membrane deflection, and the overall concept is discussed.