TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel MXene sensors based on fast healing vitrimers
AU - Ye, Chongnan
AU - Yan, Feng
AU - Lan, Xiaohong
AU - Rudolf, Petra
AU - Voet, Vincent S. D.
AU - Folkersma, Rudy
AU - Loos, Katja
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Willem-Jan Vreeling from SRON Groningen for access to the FLIR i7 instrument, Jur van Dijken for help with the thermal and mechanical analysis, Xiaotian Zhu for assistance with TEM and SAED imaging and Dr. Théophile Pelras for critical reading of the manuscript. F. Yan thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 201704910930 ) and the University of Groningen for support for his PhD studies. This work benefitted from financial support by the Advanced Materials research program of the Zernike National Research Centre under the Bonus Incentive Scheme of the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science and by the GreenPAC Polymer Application Centre.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Soft matter containing Ti3C2Tx MXenes exhibits promising potential in electromechanical sensor development. Current systems suffer from a decrease in sensibility up to complete breakdown due to small structural defects that will be generated during their longtime practical service. Various non-covalent hydrogel systems, based on hydrogen bonding and ionic coupling, have been employed to improve their durability related to their repairability. However, Ti3C2Tx MXenes are not stable in those networks, since they will be irreversibly oxidized in high humidity environment during practical application. Here, we report the use of a novel dynamic covalent bond based network – a MXene acrylate vitrimer network (MAVIN) with a low glass transition temperature, which can not only be repaired fast with high efficiency but also protects the MXenes in sensor applications from oxidation under working conditions. In addition, owing to the strong microwave absorptivity of Ti3C2Tx and of the flexible dynamic covalent bond network, a damaged MAVIN sensor can be repaired by microwave radiation with a high healing efficiency of 92.4% within 1 minute, which is as good as the best healing efficiency reported in literature so far but 30 times faster. With stability at a voltage of 3 V and fast healing demonstrated, MAVIN promises potential usage in reliable and sustainable strain sensors.
AB - Soft matter containing Ti3C2Tx MXenes exhibits promising potential in electromechanical sensor development. Current systems suffer from a decrease in sensibility up to complete breakdown due to small structural defects that will be generated during their longtime practical service. Various non-covalent hydrogel systems, based on hydrogen bonding and ionic coupling, have been employed to improve their durability related to their repairability. However, Ti3C2Tx MXenes are not stable in those networks, since they will be irreversibly oxidized in high humidity environment during practical application. Here, we report the use of a novel dynamic covalent bond based network – a MXene acrylate vitrimer network (MAVIN) with a low glass transition temperature, which can not only be repaired fast with high efficiency but also protects the MXenes in sensor applications from oxidation under working conditions. In addition, owing to the strong microwave absorptivity of Ti3C2Tx and of the flexible dynamic covalent bond network, a damaged MAVIN sensor can be repaired by microwave radiation with a high healing efficiency of 92.4% within 1 minute, which is as good as the best healing efficiency reported in literature so far but 30 times faster. With stability at a voltage of 3 V and fast healing demonstrated, MAVIN promises potential usage in reliable and sustainable strain sensors.
KW - Fast-healing
KW - MXene
KW - Vitrimer
KW - Wearable sensor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142169351&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101683
DO - 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101683
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142169351
SN - 2352-9407
VL - 29
JO - Applied Materials Today
JF - Applied Materials Today
M1 - 101683
ER -