Physical exercise and dementia: Delaying cognitive and motor decline via exercise

Willem Bossers

Physical exercise and dementia: Delaying cognitive and motor decline via exercise

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: Bewegen en dementie: Het vertragen van cognitieve en fysieke achteruitgang via beweging

Willem Bossers

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Samenvatting

Dementie leidt tot een achteruitgang in zogenaamde cognitieve functies (denkvermogen) én fysieke functies (verlies aan spierkracht, balans en uithoudingsvermogen). Hierdoor ontstaan problemen bij activiteiten in het dagelijkse leven (ADL). Men wordt afhankelijk van zorg en de kwaliteit van leven gaat achteruit. De belasting voor mantelzorgers en gezondheidszorg neemt hierdoor toe. Farmacologische behandelingen bieden tot op heden geen uitkomst. ‘Bewegen als medicijn’ zou een alternatief kunnen zijn bij het beperken van de cognitieve en fysieke achteruitgang.
Dit proefschrift presenteert de ontwikkeling en de cognitieve, fysieke en ADL effecten van een negenweeks beweegprogramma voor ouderen met dementie. Twee verschillende beweegprogramma’s zijn vergeleken: (1) twee keer per week 30 minuten wandelen en twee keer per week 30 minuten trainen van beenkracht en (2) vier keer per week 30 minuten wandelen.
In vergelijking met het wandelprogramma blijkt dat een gecombineerd wandel- en krachttrainingsprogramma leidt tot betere cognitieve en fysieke functies. Dit vertaalt zich vervolgens naar verbeterde ADL. Echter, negen weken na beëindiging van het beweegprogramma verdampen de effecten grotendeels.
Samenvattend, bewegen speelt een belangrijke rol bij het beperken van cognitieve en fysieke achteruitgang bij ouderen met dementie. De grootste cognitieve en fysieke effecten worden behaald met een gecombineerde wandel-krachttraining en de ADL verbeteringen kunnen bijdragen aan een betere kwaliteit van leven. Toekomstig onderzoek bij ouderen met een verhoogd risico op dementie of met beginnende dementie gaat zich richten op de dosis-respons relatie en onderliggende mechanismen van (in)activiteit op cognitieve functies (titel: ‘laat het brein niet indutten: beweeg slim en verminder de kans op dementie’).

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	Bewegen en dementie: Het vertragen van cognitieve en fysieke achteruitgang via beweging
Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	van der Woude, Lucas, Supervisor Scherder, Erik, Supervisor van Heuvelen, Marieke, Co-supervisor Boersma, Froukje, Co-supervisor
Datum van toekenning	10-dec.-2014
Plaats van publicatie	[S.l.]
Uitgever	[S.n.]
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-7432-1
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-7431-4
Status	Published - 2014

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Title and contents Final publisher's version, 178 KB
Chapter 1 Final publisher's version, 102 KB
Chapter 2 Final publisher's version, 555 KB
Chapter 3 Final publisher's version, 254 KB
Chapter 4 Final publisher's version, 297 KB
Chapter 5 Final publisher's version, 424 KB
Chapter 6 Final publisher's version, 335 KB
Chapter 7 Final publisher's version, 98,7 KB
Summary Dutch Final publisher's version, 35,4 KB
Summary English Final publisher's version, 34,7 KB
Curriculum Vitae Final publisher's version, 37,9 KB
Acknowledgements Final publisher's version, 41,8 KB
Complete dissertationFinal publisher's version, 1,87 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 21,2 KB

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@phdthesis{b7b48b41cb624631865e60ac49a94b90,

title = "Physical exercise and dementia: Delaying cognitive and motor decline via exercise",

abstract = "Dementia leads to a decline in so-called cognitive (thinking processes) and physical abilities (muscle strength, balance, and endurance). As a consequence, activities of daily living (ADL) are hampered, patients become more dependent on care, quality of life deteriorates, and care burden increases. Current pharmacological treatments have limited effects. With the recent recognition that {\textquoteleft}exercise is medicine{\textquoteright}, physical exercise is suggested to be an effective non-pharmacological alternative.This thesis presents the development and the cognitive, physical, and ADL effects of a nine-week-long exercise program in older patients with dementia. Two different exercise programs were compared: (1) twice a week 30-minute-long walks plus twice a week 30-minute-long leg strength exercises and (2) four times per week 30-minute-long walks.The results showed that the combined walking+strength training program led to better cognitive and motor functions than the walking-only program. These improvements transferred to improved ADL. However, nine weeks after the exercise program was completed, most of the cognitive and motor effects disappeared.In sum, exercise plays an important role in reducing the cognitive and physical decline in older patients with dementia. Compared with a walking-only and control program, the largest cognitive and physical effects are achieved through a combined aerobic+strength training program, and the improved ADL may contribute to the preservation of quality of life. Future research in people at risk of developing dementia or at an initial-stage of dementia will focus on the doses-response relationship and the underlying mechanisms of physical (in)activity on cognition (title: {\textquoteleft}train the sedentary brain{\textquoteright}).",

author = "Willem Bossers",

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N2 - Dementia leads to a decline in so-called cognitive (thinking processes) and physical abilities (muscle strength, balance, and endurance). As a consequence, activities of daily living (ADL) are hampered, patients become more dependent on care, quality of life deteriorates, and care burden increases. Current pharmacological treatments have limited effects. With the recent recognition that ‘exercise is medicine’, physical exercise is suggested to be an effective non-pharmacological alternative.This thesis presents the development and the cognitive, physical, and ADL effects of a nine-week-long exercise program in older patients with dementia. Two different exercise programs were compared: (1) twice a week 30-minute-long walks plus twice a week 30-minute-long leg strength exercises and (2) four times per week 30-minute-long walks.The results showed that the combined walking+strength training program led to better cognitive and motor functions than the walking-only program. These improvements transferred to improved ADL. However, nine weeks after the exercise program was completed, most of the cognitive and motor effects disappeared.In sum, exercise plays an important role in reducing the cognitive and physical decline in older patients with dementia. Compared with a walking-only and control program, the largest cognitive and physical effects are achieved through a combined aerobic+strength training program, and the improved ADL may contribute to the preservation of quality of life. Future research in people at risk of developing dementia or at an initial-stage of dementia will focus on the doses-response relationship and the underlying mechanisms of physical (in)activity on cognition (title: ‘train the sedentary brain’).

AB - Dementia leads to a decline in so-called cognitive (thinking processes) and physical abilities (muscle strength, balance, and endurance). As a consequence, activities of daily living (ADL) are hampered, patients become more dependent on care, quality of life deteriorates, and care burden increases. Current pharmacological treatments have limited effects. With the recent recognition that ‘exercise is medicine’, physical exercise is suggested to be an effective non-pharmacological alternative.This thesis presents the development and the cognitive, physical, and ADL effects of a nine-week-long exercise program in older patients with dementia. Two different exercise programs were compared: (1) twice a week 30-minute-long walks plus twice a week 30-minute-long leg strength exercises and (2) four times per week 30-minute-long walks.The results showed that the combined walking+strength training program led to better cognitive and motor functions than the walking-only program. These improvements transferred to improved ADL. However, nine weeks after the exercise program was completed, most of the cognitive and motor effects disappeared.In sum, exercise plays an important role in reducing the cognitive and physical decline in older patients with dementia. Compared with a walking-only and control program, the largest cognitive and physical effects are achieved through a combined aerobic+strength training program, and the improved ADL may contribute to the preservation of quality of life. Future research in people at risk of developing dementia or at an initial-stage of dementia will focus on the doses-response relationship and the underlying mechanisms of physical (in)activity on cognition (title: ‘train the sedentary brain’).

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