TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
T2 - A nested case-control study
AU - Kühn, Tilman
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Becker, Susen
AU - Eomois, Piia-Piret
AU - Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
AU - Kvaskoff, Marina
AU - Dossus, Laure
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Chang-Claude, Jenny
AU - Lukanova, Annekatrin
AU - Buijsse, Brian
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Bamia, Christina
AU - Masala, Giovanna
AU - Krogh, Vittorio
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Mattiello, Amalia
AU - Buckland, Genevieve
AU - Sánchez, María-José
AU - Menéndez, Virginia
AU - Chirlaque, María-Dolores
AU - Barricarte, Aurelio
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
AU - van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
AU - van Gils, Carla H
AU - Bakker, Marije F
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Brustad, Magritt
AU - Andersson, Anne
AU - Sund, Malin
AU - Wareham, Nick
AU - Khaw, Kay Tee
AU - Travis, Ruth C
AU - Schmidt, Julie A
AU - Rinaldi, Sabina
AU - Romieu, Isabelle
AU - Gallo, Valentina
AU - Murphy, Neil
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Linseisen, Jakob
N1 - © 2013 UICC.
PY - 2013/10/1
Y1 - 2013/10/1
N2 - Experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D might play a role in the development of breast cancer. Although the results of case-control studies indicate that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, the results of prospective studies are inconsistent. A case-control study embedded in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was carried out comprising 1,391 incident breast cancer cases and 1,391 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models did not reveal a significant overall association between season-standardized 25(OH)D levels and the risk of breast cancer (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 1.07 [0.85-1.36], p(trend) = 0.67). Moreover, 25(OH)D levels were not related to the risks of estrogen receptor positive tumors (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.67-1.38], p(trend) = 0.90) and estrogen receptor negative tumors (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.66-1.42], p(trend) = 0.98). In hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users, 25(OH)D was significantly inversely associated with incident breast cancer (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 0.62 [0.42-0.90], p = 0.01), whereas no significant association was found in HRT nonusers (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 1.14 [0.80-1.62], p = 0.48). Further, a nonsignificant inverse association was found in women with body mass indices (BMI) <25 kg/m(2) (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.67-1.03], p = 0.09), as opposed to a borderline significant positive association in women with BMI 25 kg/m(2) (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.0-1.69], p = 0.05). Overall, prediagnostic levels of circulating 25(OH)D were not related to the risk of breast cancer in the EPIC study. This result is in line with findings in the majority of prospective studies and does not support a role of vitamin D in the development of breast cancer.What's new? Experimental studies have indicated that vitamin D may play a role in preventing tumor formation in the breast. However, in the present investigation, the largest prospective case-control study on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and breast cancer risk conducted to date, pre-diagnostic levels of 25(OH)D were found to be unrelated to overall breast cancer risk. While the results support those of similar prospective studies, a significant inverse association was detected between 25(OH)D levels and incident breast cancer in women taking hormone replacement therapy, suggesting that background factors may influence risk associations.
AB - Experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D might play a role in the development of breast cancer. Although the results of case-control studies indicate that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer, the results of prospective studies are inconsistent. A case-control study embedded in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was carried out comprising 1,391 incident breast cancer cases and 1,391 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models did not reveal a significant overall association between season-standardized 25(OH)D levels and the risk of breast cancer (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 1.07 [0.85-1.36], p(trend) = 0.67). Moreover, 25(OH)D levels were not related to the risks of estrogen receptor positive tumors (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.67-1.38], p(trend) = 0.90) and estrogen receptor negative tumors (ORQ4-Q1 [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.66-1.42], p(trend) = 0.98). In hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users, 25(OH)D was significantly inversely associated with incident breast cancer (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 0.62 [0.42-0.90], p = 0.01), whereas no significant association was found in HRT nonusers (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 1.14 [0.80-1.62], p = 0.48). Further, a nonsignificant inverse association was found in women with body mass indices (BMI) <25 kg/m(2) (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.67-1.03], p = 0.09), as opposed to a borderline significant positive association in women with BMI 25 kg/m(2) (ORlog2 [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.0-1.69], p = 0.05). Overall, prediagnostic levels of circulating 25(OH)D were not related to the risk of breast cancer in the EPIC study. This result is in line with findings in the majority of prospective studies and does not support a role of vitamin D in the development of breast cancer.What's new? Experimental studies have indicated that vitamin D may play a role in preventing tumor formation in the breast. However, in the present investigation, the largest prospective case-control study on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and breast cancer risk conducted to date, pre-diagnostic levels of 25(OH)D were found to be unrelated to overall breast cancer risk. While the results support those of similar prospective studies, a significant inverse association was detected between 25(OH)D levels and incident breast cancer in women taking hormone replacement therapy, suggesting that background factors may influence risk associations.
KW - vitamin D
KW - breast cancer
KW - 25-hydroxyvitamin D
KW - prospective study
KW - estrogen receptor status
KW - D-BINDING PROTEIN
KW - CIRCULATING VITAMIN-D
KW - FRENCH E3N COHORT
KW - POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
KW - NURSES HEALTH
KW - SERUM-LEVELS
KW - ASSOCIATION
KW - PREVENTION
KW - CALCIUM
KW - TIME
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.28172
DO - 10.1002/ijc.28172
M3 - Article
C2 - 23526380
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 133
SP - 1689
EP - 1700
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 7
ER -