TY - JOUR
T1 - Predictive Properties of Biomarkers GDF-15, NTproBNP, and hs-TnT on Morbidity and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Nephropathy
AU - Bidadkosh, Arash
AU - Lambooy, Sebastiaan P H
AU - Heerspink, Hiddo J
AU - Pena, Michelle J
AU - Henning, Robert H
AU - Buikema, Hendrik
AU - Deelman, Leo E
N1 - © 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - OBJECTIVEAlthough patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with nephropathy are at high risk for renal and cardiovascular complications, relevant biomarkers have been poorly identified. Because renal impairment may increase biomarker levels, this potentially confounds associations between biomarker levels and risk. To investigate the predictive value of a biomarker in such a setting, we examined baseline levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) in relation to renal and cardiovascular risk in T2D patients with nephropathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEight hundred sixty-one T2D patients from the sulodexide macroalbuminuria (Sun-MACRO) trial were included in our post hoc analysis. Prospective associations of baseline serum GDF-15, NTproBNP, and hs-TnT with renal and cardiovascular events were determined by Cox multiple regression and C-statistic analysis. Renal base models included albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, hemoglobin, age, and sex. Cardiovascular base models included diastolic blood pressure, ACR, cholesterol, age, and sex.RESULTSThe mean (+/- SD) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 33 +/- 9 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and the median serum concentration for GDF-15 was 3,228 pg/mL (interquartile range 2,345-4,310 pg/mL), for NTproBNP was 380 ng/L (155-989 ng/L), and for hs-TnT was 30 ng/L (20-47 ng/L). In multiple regression analysis, GDF-15 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, P = 0.04), NTproBNP (HR 2.34, P = 0.004), and hs-TnT (HR 2.09, P = 0.014) were associated with renal events, whereas NTproBNP (HR 3.45, P <0.001) was associated with cardiovascular events. The C-statistic was improved by adding NTproBNP and hs-TNT to the renal model (0.793 vs. 0.741, P = 0.04). For cardiovascular events, the C-statistic was improved by adding NTproBNP alone (0.722 vs. 0.658, P = 0.018).CONCLUSIONSBiomarkers GDF-15, NTproBNP, and hs-TnT associate independently with renal risk, whereas NTproBNP independently predicts cardiovascular risk.
AB - OBJECTIVEAlthough patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with nephropathy are at high risk for renal and cardiovascular complications, relevant biomarkers have been poorly identified. Because renal impairment may increase biomarker levels, this potentially confounds associations between biomarker levels and risk. To investigate the predictive value of a biomarker in such a setting, we examined baseline levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) in relation to renal and cardiovascular risk in T2D patients with nephropathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEight hundred sixty-one T2D patients from the sulodexide macroalbuminuria (Sun-MACRO) trial were included in our post hoc analysis. Prospective associations of baseline serum GDF-15, NTproBNP, and hs-TnT with renal and cardiovascular events were determined by Cox multiple regression and C-statistic analysis. Renal base models included albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, hemoglobin, age, and sex. Cardiovascular base models included diastolic blood pressure, ACR, cholesterol, age, and sex.RESULTSThe mean (+/- SD) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 33 +/- 9 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and the median serum concentration for GDF-15 was 3,228 pg/mL (interquartile range 2,345-4,310 pg/mL), for NTproBNP was 380 ng/L (155-989 ng/L), and for hs-TnT was 30 ng/L (20-47 ng/L). In multiple regression analysis, GDF-15 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, P = 0.04), NTproBNP (HR 2.34, P = 0.004), and hs-TnT (HR 2.09, P = 0.014) were associated with renal events, whereas NTproBNP (HR 3.45, P <0.001) was associated with cardiovascular events. The C-statistic was improved by adding NTproBNP and hs-TNT to the renal model (0.793 vs. 0.741, P = 0.04). For cardiovascular events, the C-statistic was improved by adding NTproBNP alone (0.722 vs. 0.658, P = 0.018).CONCLUSIONSBiomarkers GDF-15, NTproBNP, and hs-TnT associate independently with renal risk, whereas NTproBNP independently predicts cardiovascular risk.
KW - GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-15
KW - MACROPHAGE INHIBITORY CYTOKINE-1
KW - HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN
KW - SENSITIVITY TROPONIN-T
KW - NESTED CASE-CONTROL
KW - NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
KW - NT-PROBNP
KW - INDEPENDENT MARKER
KW - KIDNEY-FUNCTION
U2 - 10.2337/dc16-2175
DO - 10.2337/dc16-2175
M3 - Article
C2 - 28341782
SN - 0149-5992
VL - 40
SP - 784
EP - 792
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
IS - 6
ER -