@article{9424636ccf6b4fa389279eabd8813557,
title = "Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey: Selection and Characterization of Luminous Interstellar Medium Reservoirs in the z > 6.5 Universe",
abstract = "The Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) is a cycle-7 ALMA Large Program (LP) that is identifying and performing a first characterization of many of the most luminous star-forming galaxies known in the z > 6.5 universe. REBELS is providing this probe by systematically scanning 40 of the brightest UV-selected galaxies identified over a 7 deg2 area for bright [C ii]158 μm and [O iii]88 μm lines and dust-continuum emission. Selection of the 40 REBELS targets was done by combining our own and other photometric selections, each of which is subject to extensive vetting using three completely independent sets of photometry and template-fitting codes. Building on the observational strategy deployed in two pilot programs, we are increasing the number of massive interstellar medium (ISM) reservoirs known at z > 6.5 by ∼4-5× to >30. In this manuscript, we motivate the observational strategy deployed in the REBELS program and present initial results. Based on the first-year observations, 18 highly significant ≥ 7σ [C ii]158 μm lines have already been discovered, the bulk of which (13/18) also show ≥3.3σ dust-continuum emission. These newly discovered lines more than triple the number of bright ISM-cooling lines known in the z > 6.5 universe, such that the number of ALMA-derived redshifts at z > 6.5 rival Lyα discoveries. An analysis of the completeness of our search results versus star formation rate (SFR) suggests an ∼79\% efficiency in scanning for [C ii]158 μm when the SFRUV+IR is >28 M yr-1. These new LP results further demonstrate ALMA's efficiency as a {"}redshift machine,{"}particularly in the Epoch of Reionization.",
author = "Bouwens, \{R. J.\} and R. Smit and S. Schouws and M. Stefanon and R. Bowler and R. Endsley and V. Gonzalez and H. Inami and D. Stark and P. Oesch and J. Hodge and M. Aravena and \{Da Cunha\}, E. and P. Dayal and Looze, \{I. De\} and A. Ferrara and Y. Fudamoto and L. Graziani and C. Li and T. Nanayakkara and A. Pallottini and R. Schneider and L. Sommovigo and M. Topping and \{Van Der Werf\}, P. and H. Algera and L. Barrufet and A. Hygate and I. Labb{\'e} and D. Riechers and J. Witstok",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge our collaborators on the BoRG project, Joanna Bridge, Benne Holwerda, and Michele Trenti, for the collective work done on the identification and characterization of sources from pure parallel HST programs. This allowed for the inclusion of Super8-1 in the present selection. We would like to thank Jorryt Matthee for useful conversations related to the redshift scan range for 1–2 sources from the REBELS selection. This paper is based on data obtained with the ALMA Observatory, under the Large Program 2019.1.01634.L. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. R.J.B. and M.S. acknowledge support from TOP grant TOP1.16.057. S.S. acknowledges support from the Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie (NOVA). R.S. and R.A.B. acknowledge support from STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowships [grant numbers ST/S004831/1 and ST/T003596/1]. R.E. acknowledges funding from JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. P.A.O., L.B., and Y.F. acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF Professorship grant 190079 “Galaxy Build-up at Cosmic Dawn.” H.I. and H.S.B.A. acknowledge support from the NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research Grant Code 2021-19A. H.I. acknowledges support from the JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP19K23462. J.H. gratefully acknowledges support of the VIDI research program with project number 639.042.611, which is (partly) financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). M.A. acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 1211951, “CONICYT + PCI + INSTITUTO MAX PLANCK DE ASTRONOMIA MPG190030” and “CONICYT+PCI+REDES 190194”. P.D. acknowledges support from the European Research Council{\textquoteright}s starting grant ERC StG-717001 (“DELPHI”), from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (“ODIN”), and the European Commission{\textquoteright}s and University of Groningen{\textquoteright}s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. L.G. and R.S. acknowledge support from the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP:B81I18001170001). Y.F. further acknowledges support from NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant no. 2020-16B “ALMA HzFINEST: High-z Far-Infrared Nebular Emission STudies.” A.F. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120. Any dissemination of results must indicate that it reflects only the authors' views and that the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Partial support from the Carl Friedrich von Siemens-Forschungspreis der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Research Award is kindly acknowledged (A.F.). I.D.L. acknowledges support from ERC starting grant 851622 DustOrigin. J.W. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced grant 695671, “QUENCH”, and from the Fondation MERAC. This paper utilizes observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This work is based [in part] on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which was operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac5a4a",
language = "English",
volume = "931",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IoP Publishing",
number = "2",
}