Reviewing the potential of hearables for the assessment of bruxism

Bruxism is a parafunctional oral behavior that affects a large percentage of the population. Bruxism is a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders. A gold standard is still lacking for assessing bruxism while awake, whereas for sleep bruxism, polysomnography with audio and video recording is the gold standard. Wearable devices, particularly those that detect sound (hearables), are cost-effective and convenient and could fill the gap. With this systematic literature review of Livivo and PubMed, extended by individual Google Scholar searches, we aimed to assess the potential of wearable devices that use sound as a biomarker for detecting bruxism. In summary, sounds originating from oral behaviors can be recorded from the ear, and hearables have the potential to detect bruxism-like events.