Sources of resilience for refugee youth in Ethiopia: Exploring the role of education, work, community, religion, and family

Background: Young refugees' resilience is linked to involvement in socio-ecological systems that contribute to their well-being. Objective: This study aimed to understand the experiences and factors contributing to resilience among young Sudanese and South Sudanese refugees (aged 16, M = 16 years; N = 40; 21 males, 19 females) residing at the Sherkole refugee camp in Ethiopia's Benishangul-Gumuz region. Method: Six focus groups (N = 40) and four key informant interviews with government officials, caregivers, and school teachers explored themes related to resilience using thematic analysis. Member checking ensured findings aligned with participants' perspectives. A socio-ecological framework guided the exploration of multidimensional factors. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) support systems, (2) work engagement, (3) access to education, (4) role of religion, and (5) community engagement. Work opportunities helped young refugees cope with challenges, but key informants raised concerns about potential risks to education. Social connection and community engagement fostered a harmonious relationship with the host community. Religion and education alleviated stress and worries. The themes interrelated – community engagement improved host community relationships, increasing job opportunities and income (leading to better support systems). Religious activities and education also benefited relationships and provided relaxation. Conclusion: This study supports the dynamic and multi-systemic nature of resilience within a socio-ecological framework. Findings can inform future resilience-promoting interventions and policies for young refugees.