Specialization, evolution and coexistence in a community context

Ellen van Velzen

Specialization, evolution and coexistence in a community context

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: Specialisatie, evolutie en coëxistentie in de context van een samenleving

Ellen van Velzen

Etienne group - Theoretical and Evolutionary Community Ecology

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Ecologie en evolutie zijn lang als twee gescheiden velden van onderzoek beschouwd, vanwege de algemene opvatting dat deze twee processen op verschillende tijdschalen plaatsvinden en elkaar niet kunnen beïnvloeden. In recente jaren is steeds meer bewijs voor snelle evolutie gevonden, waardoor een hernieuwde interesse is ontstaan in de interactie tussen ecologie en evolutie, ook bekend als eco-evolutionaire dynamica; en het is duidelijk geworden dat feedbacks tussen ecologie en evolutie resultaten kan opleveren die niet voorspeld zouden worden door elk proces apart in beschouwing te nemen. In dit proefschrift bestudeerde ik eco-evolutionaire dynamica in de context van trofische interacties in twee systemen: plant-herbivoor interacties en multiparasitoïd-gastheer interacties. Mijn voornaamste doel was het effect van eco-evolutionaire dynamica te bestuderen op de evolutie en coëxistentie van verschillende strategieën binnen het trofische niveau dat bestudeerd werd (verschillende specialisatie-strategieën in herbivoren; verdedigingsstrategieën in planten; en parasitisme-strategieën in parasitoïden). Ik ontdekte dat eco-evolutionaire dynamica vaak evolutionaire splitsing tot twee verschillende strategieën bevorderde, maar meestal stabiele coëxistentie (langdurig naast elkaar bestaan van soorten) verslechterde. Coëxistentie wordt vooral gedestabiliseerd wanneer er een sterke feedback is tussen evolutie en ecologische dynamica op beide trofische niveaus, wat voor sterke veranderingen in ecologische dynamica zorgt (bijvoorbeeld fluctuaties in populatiegroottes) die op hun beurt de selectiedruk beïnvloeden. Stabiele coëxistentie, aan de andere kant, lijkt vooral bevorderd te worden wanneer evolutie vooral competitie (en daarmee ecologische dynamica) binnen hetzelfde trofische niveau beïnvloedt.

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	Specialisatie, evolutie en coëxistentie in de context van een samenleving
Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Etienne, Rampal, Supervisor
Datum van toekenning	2-mrt.-2015
Plaats van publicatie	[S.l.]
Uitgever	[S.n.]
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-7720-9
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-7719-3
Status	Published - 2015

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Title and contents Final publisher's version, 165 KB
Chapter 1 Final publisher's version, 222 KB
Chapter 2 Final publisher's version, 736 KB
Chapter 3 Final publisher's version, 594 KB
Chapter 4 Final publisher's version, 400 KB
Chapter 5 Final publisher's version, 786 KB
Chapter 6 Final publisher's version, 959 KB
AppendicesFinal publisher's version, 496 KB
Complete dissertationFinal publisher's version, 2,6 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 72,4 KB

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title = "Specialization, evolution and coexistence in a community context",

abstract = "Ecology and evolutionary biology have long been regarded as separate fields, due to the common belief that the two processes operate on different timescales and do not affect each other. As evidence for rapid evolution in nature has accumulated, recent years have seen a renewed interest in the interplay between ecology and evolution, also known as eco-evolutionary dynamics; and it has become evident that feedbacks between ecology and evolution can yield results that would not be predicted by considering either process by itself. In this thesis, I studied eco-evolutionary dynamics in the context of trophic interactions in two types of systems: plant-herbivore interactions and multiparasitoid-host interactions. My main focus was to study the effect of eco-evolutionary dynamics on the evolution and coexistence of divergent strategies in the trophic level under study (different specialization strategies in herbivores; defense strategies in plants; and parasitization strategies in parasitoids). I found that eco-evolutionary dynamics often promoted evolutionary divergence into different strategies, but more often than not impaired stable coexistence of said strategies. Destabilization of coexistence occurs when there is a strong feedback between evolution and ecological dynamics on both trophic levels, driving large changes in ecological dynamics (e.g. fluctuations in abundance) which in turn affect selection. Stable coexistence, on the other hand, appears to be promoted when evolutionary change mostly affects competitors, and therefore ecological dynamics, on the same trophic level.",

author = "{van Velzen}, Ellen",

year = "2015",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-90-367-7720-9",

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TY - BOOK

T1 - Specialization, evolution and coexistence in a community context

AU - van Velzen, Ellen

PY - 2015

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N2 - Ecology and evolutionary biology have long been regarded as separate fields, due to the common belief that the two processes operate on different timescales and do not affect each other. As evidence for rapid evolution in nature has accumulated, recent years have seen a renewed interest in the interplay between ecology and evolution, also known as eco-evolutionary dynamics; and it has become evident that feedbacks between ecology and evolution can yield results that would not be predicted by considering either process by itself. In this thesis, I studied eco-evolutionary dynamics in the context of trophic interactions in two types of systems: plant-herbivore interactions and multiparasitoid-host interactions. My main focus was to study the effect of eco-evolutionary dynamics on the evolution and coexistence of divergent strategies in the trophic level under study (different specialization strategies in herbivores; defense strategies in plants; and parasitization strategies in parasitoids). I found that eco-evolutionary dynamics often promoted evolutionary divergence into different strategies, but more often than not impaired stable coexistence of said strategies. Destabilization of coexistence occurs when there is a strong feedback between evolution and ecological dynamics on both trophic levels, driving large changes in ecological dynamics (e.g. fluctuations in abundance) which in turn affect selection. Stable coexistence, on the other hand, appears to be promoted when evolutionary change mostly affects competitors, and therefore ecological dynamics, on the same trophic level.

AB - Ecology and evolutionary biology have long been regarded as separate fields, due to the common belief that the two processes operate on different timescales and do not affect each other. As evidence for rapid evolution in nature has accumulated, recent years have seen a renewed interest in the interplay between ecology and evolution, also known as eco-evolutionary dynamics; and it has become evident that feedbacks between ecology and evolution can yield results that would not be predicted by considering either process by itself. In this thesis, I studied eco-evolutionary dynamics in the context of trophic interactions in two types of systems: plant-herbivore interactions and multiparasitoid-host interactions. My main focus was to study the effect of eco-evolutionary dynamics on the evolution and coexistence of divergent strategies in the trophic level under study (different specialization strategies in herbivores; defense strategies in plants; and parasitization strategies in parasitoids). I found that eco-evolutionary dynamics often promoted evolutionary divergence into different strategies, but more often than not impaired stable coexistence of said strategies. Destabilization of coexistence occurs when there is a strong feedback between evolution and ecological dynamics on both trophic levels, driving large changes in ecological dynamics (e.g. fluctuations in abundance) which in turn affect selection. Stable coexistence, on the other hand, appears to be promoted when evolutionary change mostly affects competitors, and therefore ecological dynamics, on the same trophic level.

M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)

SN - 978-90-367-7720-9

PB - [S.n.]

CY - [S.l.]

ER -

Specialization, evolution and coexistence in a community context

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