TY - JOUR
T1 - Testing differential susceptibility
T2 - Plasticity genes, the social environment, and their interplay in adolescent response inhibition
AU - Richards, Jennifer S.
AU - Vasquez, Alejandro Arias
AU - van Rooij, Daan
AU - van der Meer, Dennis
AU - Franke, Barbara
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - Heslenfeld, Dirk J.
AU - Oosterlaan, Jaap
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Hartman, Catharina A.
AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Objectives: Impaired inhibitory control is a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated gene-environment interaction (GxE) as a possible contributing factor to response inhibition variation in context of the differential susceptibility theory. This states individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments.Methods: Behavioural and neural measures of response inhibition were assessed during a Stop-signal task in participants with (N=197) and without (N=295) ADHD, from N=278 families (age M=17.18, SD =3.65). We examined GxE between candidate plasticity genes (DAT1, 5-HTT, DRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion, peer affiliation).Results: A DRD4 x Positive peer affiliation interaction was found on the right fusiform gyrus (rFG) activation during successful inhibition. Further, 5-HTT short allele carriers showed increased rFG activation during failed inhibitions. Maternal warmth and positive peer affiliation were positively associated with right inferior frontal cortex activation during successful inhibition. Deviant peer affiliation was positively related to the error rate.Conclusions: While a pattern of differential genetic susceptibility was found, more clarity on the role of the FG during response inhibition is warranted before firm conclusions can be made. Positive and negative social environments were related to inhibitory control. This extends previous research emphasizing adverse environments.
AB - Objectives: Impaired inhibitory control is a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated gene-environment interaction (GxE) as a possible contributing factor to response inhibition variation in context of the differential susceptibility theory. This states individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments.Methods: Behavioural and neural measures of response inhibition were assessed during a Stop-signal task in participants with (N=197) and without (N=295) ADHD, from N=278 families (age M=17.18, SD =3.65). We examined GxE between candidate plasticity genes (DAT1, 5-HTT, DRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion, peer affiliation).Results: A DRD4 x Positive peer affiliation interaction was found on the right fusiform gyrus (rFG) activation during successful inhibition. Further, 5-HTT short allele carriers showed increased rFG activation during failed inhibitions. Maternal warmth and positive peer affiliation were positively associated with right inferior frontal cortex activation during successful inhibition. Deviant peer affiliation was positively related to the error rate.Conclusions: While a pattern of differential genetic susceptibility was found, more clarity on the role of the FG during response inhibition is warranted before firm conclusions can be made. Positive and negative social environments were related to inhibitory control. This extends previous research emphasizing adverse environments.
KW - ADHD
KW - response inhibition
KW - gene-environment interaction
KW - social environment
KW - functional MRI
KW - ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
KW - DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
KW - SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE
KW - MATERNAL EXPRESSED EMOTION
KW - INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS
KW - EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
KW - BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION
KW - PSYCHOSOCIAL ADVERSITY
KW - INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES
KW - NEURAL ACTIVATION
U2 - 10.3109/15622975.2016.1173724
DO - 10.3109/15622975.2016.1173724
M3 - Article
C2 - 27170266
SN - 1562-2975
VL - 18
SP - 308
EP - 321
JO - The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
JF - The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
IS - 4
ER -