Testing differential susceptibility: Plasticity genes, the social environment, and their interplay in adolescent response inhibition

Jennifer S. Richards*, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Daan van Rooij, Dennis van der Meer, Barbara Franke, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Jaap Oosterlaan, Stephen V. Faraone, Catharina A. Hartman, Jan K. Buitelaar

*Corresponding author voor dit werk

OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review

4 Citaten (Scopus)
541 Downloads (Pure)

Samenvatting

Objectives: Impaired inhibitory control is a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated gene-environment interaction (GxE) as a possible contributing factor to response inhibition variation in context of the differential susceptibility theory. This states individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments.Methods: Behavioural and neural measures of response inhibition were assessed during a Stop-signal task in participants with (N=197) and without (N=295) ADHD, from N=278 families (age M=17.18, SD =3.65). We examined GxE between candidate plasticity genes (DAT1, 5-HTT, DRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion, peer affiliation).Results: A DRD4 x Positive peer affiliation interaction was found on the right fusiform gyrus (rFG) activation during successful inhibition. Further, 5-HTT short allele carriers showed increased rFG activation during failed inhibitions. Maternal warmth and positive peer affiliation were positively associated with right inferior frontal cortex activation during successful inhibition. Deviant peer affiliation was positively related to the error rate.Conclusions: While a pattern of differential genetic susceptibility was found, more clarity on the role of the FG during response inhibition is warranted before firm conclusions can be made. Positive and negative social environments were related to inhibitory control. This extends previous research emphasizing adverse environments.

Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)308-321
Aantal pagina's14
TijdschriftThe World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
Volume18
Nummer van het tijdschrift4
DOI's
StatusPublished - 2017

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