The genetics of adaptive photoperiodic response in Nasonia vitripennis

Silvia Paolucci

The genetics of adaptive photoperiodic response in Nasonia vitripennis

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: De genetica van de adaptieve reactie op fotoperiode in Nasonia vitripennis

Silvia Paolucci

Beukeboom lab - Evolutionary Genetics

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De seizoencyclus veroorzaakt periodieke omgevingsveranderingen. Hoe verder verwijderd van de evenaar (toenemende breedtegraad) hoe groter de veranderingen, in bijvoorbeeld temperatuur en daglicht, waar levensvormen mee moeten kunnen omgaan. Organismen hebben verscheidene manieren ontwikkeld om deze veranderende omgevingsfactoren te overleven. Een voorbeeld is Nasonia vitripennis, een parasitaire wesp die op verschillende breedtegraden voorkomt. Volwassen vrouwtjes van deze wesp gebruiken de lengte van de dag als een aanwijzing om komende seizoensveranderingen te “voorspellen”. Als de dagen korter worden, leggen ze eitjes die zich tot larven ontwikkelen, die een soort winterslaap beginnen die “diapause” wordt genoemd. In mijn promotieproject heb ik de evolutionaire basis van deze seizoensaanpassing onderzocht. Nadat ik wespenpopulaties van Finland (hoge breedtegraad) tot Zuid Frankrijk (lage breedtegraad) had bemonsterd, stelde ik vrouwtjeswespen bloot aan verschillende daglichtcondities en bekeek de hoeveelheid diapause onder hun nakomelingen. De proeven toonden aan dat een relatief groot aantal vrouwtjes in de noordelijke populaties diapause induceren in hun nakomelingen. Bovendien wordt diapause, vergeleken met zuidelijke populaties, bij relatief langere dagen geïnduceerd. Dit duidt er op dat de aanpassing van wespen gebaseerd is op hun verschil in “interpretatie” van het lichtsignaal en weerspiegelt het feit dat op hogere breedtegraden de winter begint als de dagen nog redelijk lang zijn. Verder onderzoek toonde aan dat een gen, genaamd period betrokken is bij deze respons. Het is interessant dat van dit gen bekend is dat het mede verantwoordelijk is voor het dag-en-nacht ritme, niet alleen van wespen maar ook van mensen en andere zoogdieren. Deze resultaten geven inzicht in de genetische regulatie van dagelijkse- en seizoensritmen en in hoe organismen zich aanpassen aan een veranderend milieu.

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	De genetica van de adaptieve reactie op fotoperiode in Nasonia vitripennis
Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Beukeboom, Leo, Supervisor Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande, Louis, Co-supervisor
Datum van toekenning	26-sep.-2014
Plaats van publicatie	[S.l.]
Uitgever	[S.n.]
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-7290-7
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-7289-1
Status	Published - 2014

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title = "The genetics of adaptive photoperiodic response in Nasonia vitripennis",

abstract = "Seasonal cycles cause periodical changes in the environment. Further away from the equator (high latitudes) life has to cope with greater changes, for instance in temperature and daylight. Organisms have developed various ways to survive these changing environments. One example is given by Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitic wasp that lives at different latitudes. Adult females of these wasps use the length of the day as a cue to “predict” approaching seasonal changes. When days become shorter, they lay eggs which develop into larvae that start a kind of hibernation, called diapause. In my PhD project I investigated the evolutionary basis of this seasonal adaptation. After sampling populations from Finland (high latitude) to Southern France (low latitude), I exposed female wasps to different daylight conditions and observed the amount of diapause in their offspring. The experiments showed that in northern populations a high proportion of females induce diapause in their offspring. Additionally, diapause is induced at relatively longer days compared to southern populations. This indicates that the adaptation of wasps is based on their different “interpretation” of the light signal and reflects that at higher latitudes winter begins when days are still fairly long. Further experiments showed that a gene called period, is involved in this response: different variants of this gene are associated with differences in diapause response. Interestingly, this gene is known to be co-responsible for the day-and-night rhythm, not only of wasps but also of humans and other mammals. These results provide insight in the genetic regulation of daily and seasonal rhythms and in how organisms adapt to changing environments.",

author = "Silvia Paolucci",

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AB - Seasonal cycles cause periodical changes in the environment. Further away from the equator (high latitudes) life has to cope with greater changes, for instance in temperature and daylight. Organisms have developed various ways to survive these changing environments. One example is given by Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitic wasp that lives at different latitudes. Adult females of these wasps use the length of the day as a cue to “predict” approaching seasonal changes. When days become shorter, they lay eggs which develop into larvae that start a kind of hibernation, called diapause. In my PhD project I investigated the evolutionary basis of this seasonal adaptation. After sampling populations from Finland (high latitude) to Southern France (low latitude), I exposed female wasps to different daylight conditions and observed the amount of diapause in their offspring. The experiments showed that in northern populations a high proportion of females induce diapause in their offspring. Additionally, diapause is induced at relatively longer days compared to southern populations. This indicates that the adaptation of wasps is based on their different “interpretation” of the light signal and reflects that at higher latitudes winter begins when days are still fairly long. Further experiments showed that a gene called period, is involved in this response: different variants of this gene are associated with differences in diapause response. Interestingly, this gene is known to be co-responsible for the day-and-night rhythm, not only of wasps but also of humans and other mammals. These results provide insight in the genetic regulation of daily and seasonal rhythms and in how organisms adapt to changing environments.

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