TY - JOUR
T1 - The Groningen Laryngomalacia Classification System-Based on Systematic Review and Dynamic Airway Changes
AU - van der Heijden, Martijn
AU - Dikkers, Frederik G.
AU - Halmos, Gyorgy B.
N1 - © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2015/12
Y1 - 2015/12
N2 - Objective: Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of dyspnea and stridor in newborn infants. Laryngomalacia is a dynamic change of the upper airway based on abnormally pliable supraglottic structures, which causes upper airway obstruction. In the past, different classification systems have been introduced. Until now no classification system is widely accepted and applied. Our goal is to provide a simple and complete classification system based on systematic literature search and our experiences. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with literature review. Methods: All patients with laryngomalacia under the age of 5 at time of diagnosis were included. Photo and video documentation was used to confirm diagnosis and characteristics of dynamic airway change. Outcome was compared with available classification systems in literature. Results: Eighty-five patients were included. In contrast to other classification systems, only three typical different dynamic changes have been identified in our series. Two existing classification systems covered 100% of our findings, but there was an unnecessary overlap between different types in most of the systems. Based on our finding, we propose a new a classification system for laryngomalacia, which is purely based on dynamic airway changes. Conclusion: The groningen laryngomalacia classification is a new, simplified classification system with three types, based on purely dynamic laryngeal changes, tested in a tertiary referral center: Type 1: inward collapse of arytenoids cartilages, Type 2: medial displacement of aryepiglottic folds, and Type 3: posterocaudal displacement of epiglottis against the posterior pharyngeal wall. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AB - Objective: Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of dyspnea and stridor in newborn infants. Laryngomalacia is a dynamic change of the upper airway based on abnormally pliable supraglottic structures, which causes upper airway obstruction. In the past, different classification systems have been introduced. Until now no classification system is widely accepted and applied. Our goal is to provide a simple and complete classification system based on systematic literature search and our experiences. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with literature review. Methods: All patients with laryngomalacia under the age of 5 at time of diagnosis were included. Photo and video documentation was used to confirm diagnosis and characteristics of dynamic airway change. Outcome was compared with available classification systems in literature. Results: Eighty-five patients were included. In contrast to other classification systems, only three typical different dynamic changes have been identified in our series. Two existing classification systems covered 100% of our findings, but there was an unnecessary overlap between different types in most of the systems. Based on our finding, we propose a new a classification system for laryngomalacia, which is purely based on dynamic airway changes. Conclusion: The groningen laryngomalacia classification is a new, simplified classification system with three types, based on purely dynamic laryngeal changes, tested in a tertiary referral center: Type 1: inward collapse of arytenoids cartilages, Type 2: medial displacement of aryepiglottic folds, and Type 3: posterocaudal displacement of epiglottis against the posterior pharyngeal wall. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KW - classification
KW - dynamic airway changes
KW - laryngomalacia
KW - SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT
KW - OUTCOMES
U2 - 10.1002/ppul.23186
DO - 10.1002/ppul.23186
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25825153
SN - 8755-6863
VL - 50
SP - 1368
EP - 1373
JO - Pediatric Pulmonology
JF - Pediatric Pulmonology
IS - 12
ER -