The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

Th de Graauw; F. P. Helmich; T. G. Phillips; J. Stutzki; E. Caux; N. D. Whyborn; P. Dieleman; P. R. Roelfsema; H. Aarts; R. Assendorp; R. Bachiller; W. Baechtold; A. Barcia; D. A. Beintema; V. Belitsky; A. O. Benz; R. Bieber; A. Boogert; C. Borys; B. Bumble; P. Cais; M. Caris; P. Cerulli-Irelli; G. Chattopadhyay; S. Cherednichenko; M. Ciechanowicz; O. Coeur-Joly; C. Comito; A. Cros; A. de Jonge; G. de Lange; B. Delforges; Y. Delorme; T. den Boggende; J. -M. Desbat; C. Diez-Gonzalez; A. M. Di Giorgio; L. Dubbeldam; K. Edwards; M. Eggens; N. Erickson; J. Evers; M. Fich; T. Finn; B. Franke; T. Gaier; C. Gal; J. R. Gao; J. -D. Gallego; S. Gauffre; J. J. Gill; S. Glenz; H. Golstein; H. Goulooze; T. Gunsing; R. Guesten; P. Hartogh; W. A. Hatch; R. Higgins; E. C. Honingh; R. Huisman; B. D. Jackson; H. Jacobs; K. Jacobs; C. Jarchow; H. Javadi; W. Jellema; M. Justen; A. Karpov; C. Kasemann; J. Kawamura; G. Keizer; D. Kester; T. M. Klapwijk; Th. Klein; E. Kollberg; J. Kooi; P. -P. Kooiman; B. Kopf; M. Krause; J. -M. Krieg; C. Kramer; B. Kruizenga; T. Kuhn; W. Laauwen; R. Lai; B. Larsson; H. G. Leduc; C. Leinz; R. H. Lin; R. Liseau; G. S. Liu; A. Loose; I. Lopez-Fernandez; S. Lord; W. Luinge; A. Marston; J. Martin-Pintado; A. Maestrini; F. W. Maiwald; C. McCoey; I. Mehdi; A. Megej; M. Melchior; L. Meinsma; H. Merkel; M. Michalska; C. Monstein; D. Moratschke; P. Morris; H. Muller; J. A. Murphy; A. Naber; E. Natale; W. Nowosielski; F. Nuzzolo; M. Olberg; M. Olbrich; R. Orfei; P. Orleanski; Volker Ossenkopf; T. Peacock; J. C. Pearson; I. Peron; S. Phillip-May; L. Piazzo; P. Planesas; M. Rataj; L. Ravera; C. Risacher; M. Salez; L. A. Samoska; P. Saraceno; R. Schieder; E. Schlecht; F. Schloeder; F. Schmuelling; M. Schultz; K. Schuster; O. Siebertz; H. Smit; R. Szczerba; R. Shipman; E. Steinmetz; J. A. Stern; M. Stokroos; R. Teipen; D. Teyssier; T. Tils; N. Trappe; C. van Baaren; B. -J. van Leeuwen; H. van de Stadt; H. Visser; K. J. Wildeman; C. K. Wafelbakker; J. S. Ward; P. Wesselius; W. Wild; S. Wulff; H. -J. Wunsch; X. Tielens; P. Zaal; H. Zirath; J. Zmuidzinas; F. Zwart

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

Th de Graauw, F. P. Helmich, T. G. Phillips, J. Stutzki, E. Caux, N. D. Whyborn, P. Dieleman, P. R. Roelfsema, H. Aarts, R. Assendorp, R. Bachiller, W. Baechtold, A. Barcia, D. A. Beintema, V. Belitsky, A. O. Benz, R. Bieber, A. Boogert, C. Borys, B. BumbleP. Cais, M. Caris, P. Cerulli-Irelli, G. Chattopadhyay, S. Cherednichenko, M. Ciechanowicz, O. Coeur-Joly, C. Comito, A. Cros, A. de Jonge, G. de Lange, B. Delforges, Y. Delorme, T. den Boggende, J. -M. Desbat, C. Diez-Gonzalez, A. M. Di Giorgio, L. Dubbeldam, K. Edwards, M. Eggens, N. Erickson, J. Evers, M. Fich, T. Finn, B. Franke, T. Gaier, C. Gal, J. R. Gao, J. -D. Gallego, S. Gauffre, J. J. Gill, S. Glenz, H. Golstein, H. Goulooze, T. Gunsing, R. Guesten, P. Hartogh, W. A. Hatch, R. Higgins, E. C. Honingh, R. Huisman, B. D. Jackson, H. Jacobs, K. Jacobs, C. Jarchow, H. Javadi, W. Jellema, M. Justen, A. Karpov, C. Kasemann, J. Kawamura, G. Keizer, D. Kester, T. M. Klapwijk, Th. Klein, E. Kollberg, J. Kooi, P. -P. Kooiman, B. Kopf, M. Krause, J. -M. Krieg, C. Kramer, B. Kruizenga, T. Kuhn, W. Laauwen, R. Lai, B. Larsson, H. G. Leduc, C. Leinz, R. H. Lin, R. Liseau, G. S. Liu, A. Loose, I. Lopez-Fernandez, S. Lord, W. Luinge, A. Marston, J. Martin-Pintado, A. Maestrini, F. W. Maiwald, C. McCoey, I. Mehdi, A. Megej, M. Melchior, L. Meinsma, H. Merkel, M. Michalska, C. Monstein, D. Moratschke, P. Morris, H. Muller, J. A. Murphy, A. Naber, E. Natale, W. Nowosielski, F. Nuzzolo, M. Olberg, M. Olbrich, R. Orfei, P. Orleanski, Volker Ossenkopf, T. Peacock, J. C. Pearson, I. Peron, S. Phillip-May, L. Piazzo, P. Planesas, M. Rataj, L. Ravera, C. Risacher, M. Salez, L. A. Samoska, P. Saraceno, R. Schieder, E. Schlecht, F. Schloeder, F. Schmuelling, M. Schultz, K. Schuster, O. Siebertz, H. Smit, R. Szczerba, R. Shipman, E. Steinmetz, J. A. Stern, M. Stokroos, R. Teipen, D. Teyssier, T. Tils, N. Trappe, C. van Baaren, B. -J. van Leeuwen, H. van de Stadt, H. Visser, K. J. Wildeman, C. K. Wafelbakker, J. S. Ward, P. Wesselius, W. Wild, S. Wulff, H. -J. Wunsch, X. Tielens, P. Zaal, H. Zirath, J. Zmuidzinas, F. Zwart

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Samenvatting

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared ( HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009.

Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 x 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms(-1).

Result. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

Originele taal-2	English
Artikelnummer	L6
Aantal pagina's	7
Tijdschrift	Astronomy & astrophysics
Volume	518
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014698
Status	Published - 2010

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de Graauw, T., Helmich, F. P., Phillips, T. G., Stutzki, J., Caux, E., Whyborn, N. D., Dieleman, P., Roelfsema, P. R., Aarts, H., Assendorp, R., Bachiller, R., Baechtold, W., Barcia, A., Beintema, D. A., Belitsky, V., Benz, A. O., Bieber, R., Boogert, A., Borys, C., ... Zwart, F. (2010). The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI). Astronomy & astrophysics, 518, [L6]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

@article{76ce936d76fb450980f263d801551d77,

title = "The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)",

abstract = "Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared ( HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009.Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 x 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms(-1).Result. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.",

keywords = "instrumentation: spectrographs, methods: observational, infrared: general, submillimeter: general, techniques: spectroscopic",

author = "{de Graauw}, Th and Helmich, {F. P.} and Phillips, {T. G.} and J. Stutzki and E. Caux and Whyborn, {N. D.} and P. Dieleman and Roelfsema, {P. R.} and H. Aarts and R. Assendorp and R. Bachiller and W. Baechtold and A. Barcia and Beintema, {D. A.} and V. Belitsky and Benz, {A. O.} and R. Bieber and A. Boogert and C. Borys and B. Bumble and P. Cais and M. Caris and P. Cerulli-Irelli and G. Chattopadhyay and S. Cherednichenko and M. Ciechanowicz and O. Coeur-Joly and C. Comito and A. Cros and {de Jonge}, A. and {de Lange}, G. and B. Delforges and Y. Delorme and {den Boggende}, T. and Desbat, {J. -M.} and C. Diez-Gonzalez and {Di Giorgio}, {A. M.} and L. Dubbeldam and K. Edwards and M. Eggens and N. Erickson and J. Evers and M. Fich and T. Finn and B. Franke and T. Gaier and C. Gal and Gao, {J. R.} and Gallego, {J. -D.} and S. Gauffre and Gill, {J. J.} and S. Glenz and H. Golstein and H. Goulooze and T. Gunsing and R. Guesten and P. Hartogh and Hatch, {W. A.} and R. Higgins and Honingh, {E. C.} and R. Huisman and Jackson, {B. D.} and H. Jacobs and K. Jacobs and C. Jarchow and H. Javadi and W. Jellema and M. Justen and A. Karpov and C. Kasemann and J. Kawamura and G. Keizer and D. Kester and Klapwijk, {T. M.} and Th. Klein and E. Kollberg and J. Kooi and Kooiman, {P. -P.} and B. Kopf and M. Krause and Krieg, {J. -M.} and C. Kramer and B. Kruizenga and T. Kuhn and W. Laauwen and R. Lai and B. Larsson and Leduc, {H. G.} and C. Leinz and Lin, {R. H.} and R. Liseau and Liu, {G. S.} and A. Loose and I. Lopez-Fernandez and S. Lord and W. Luinge and A. Marston and J. Martin-Pintado and A. Maestrini and Maiwald, {F. W.} and C. McCoey and I. Mehdi and A. Megej and M. Melchior and L. Meinsma and H. Merkel and M. Michalska and C. Monstein and D. Moratschke and P. Morris and H. Muller and Murphy, {J. A.} and A. Naber and E. Natale and W. Nowosielski and F. Nuzzolo and M. Olberg and M. Olbrich and R. Orfei and P. Orleanski and Volker Ossenkopf and T. Peacock and Pearson, {J. C.} and I. Peron and S. Phillip-May and L. Piazzo and P. Planesas and M. Rataj and L. Ravera and C. Risacher and M. Salez and Samoska, {L. A.} and P. Saraceno and R. Schieder and E. Schlecht and F. Schloeder and F. Schmuelling and M. Schultz and K. Schuster and O. Siebertz and H. Smit and R. Szczerba and R. Shipman and E. Steinmetz and Stern, {J. A.} and M. Stokroos and R. Teipen and D. Teyssier and T. Tils and N. Trappe and {van Baaren}, C. and {van Leeuwen}, {B. -J.} and {van de Stadt}, H. and H. Visser and Wildeman, {K. J.} and Wafelbakker, {C. K.} and Ward, {J. S.} and P. Wesselius and W. Wild and S. Wulff and Wunsch, {H. -J.} and X. Tielens and P. Zaal and H. Zirath and J. Zmuidzinas and F. Zwart",

year = "2010",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201014698",

language = "English",

volume = "518",

journal = "Astronomy & astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = " EDP Sciences",

}

de Graauw, T, Helmich, FP, Phillips, TG, Stutzki, J, Caux, E, Whyborn, ND, Dieleman, P, Roelfsema, PR, Aarts, H, Assendorp, R, Bachiller, R, Baechtold, W, Barcia, A, Beintema, DA, Belitsky, V, Benz, AO, Bieber, R, Boogert, A, Borys, C, Bumble, B, Cais, P, Caris, M, Cerulli-Irelli, P, Chattopadhyay, G, Cherednichenko, S, Ciechanowicz, M, Coeur-Joly, O, Comito, C, Cros, A, de Jonge, A, de Lange, G, Delforges, B, Delorme, Y, den Boggende, T, Desbat, J-M, Diez-Gonzalez, C, Di Giorgio, AM, Dubbeldam, L, Edwards, K, Eggens, M, Erickson, N, Evers, J, Fich, M, Finn, T, Franke, B, Gaier, T, Gal, C, Gao, JR, Gallego, J-D, Gauffre, S, Gill, JJ, Glenz, S, Golstein, H, Goulooze, H, Gunsing, T, Guesten, R, Hartogh, P, Hatch, WA, Higgins, R, Honingh, EC, Huisman, R, Jackson, BD, Jacobs, H, Jacobs, K, Jarchow, C, Javadi, H, Jellema, W, Justen, M, Karpov, A, Kasemann, C, Kawamura, J, Keizer, G, Kester, D, Klapwijk, TM, Klein, T, Kollberg, E, Kooi, J, Kooiman, P-P, Kopf, B, Krause, M, Krieg, J-M, Kramer, C, Kruizenga, B, Kuhn, T, Laauwen, W, Lai, R, Larsson, B, Leduc, HG, Leinz, C, Lin, RH, Liseau, R, Liu, GS, Loose, A, Lopez-Fernandez, I, Lord, S, Luinge, W, Marston, A, Martin-Pintado, J, Maestrini, A, Maiwald, FW, McCoey, C, Mehdi, I, Megej, A, Melchior, M, Meinsma, L, Merkel, H, Michalska, M, Monstein, C, Moratschke, D, Morris, P, Muller, H, Murphy, JA, Naber, A, Natale, E, Nowosielski, W, Nuzzolo, F, Olberg, M, Olbrich, M, Orfei, R, Orleanski, P, Ossenkopf, V, Peacock, T, Pearson, JC, Peron, I, Phillip-May, S, Piazzo, L, Planesas, P, Rataj, M, Ravera, L, Risacher, C, Salez, M, Samoska, LA, Saraceno, P, Schieder, R, Schlecht, E, Schloeder, F, Schmuelling, F, Schultz, M, Schuster, K, Siebertz, O, Smit, H, Szczerba, R, Shipman, R, Steinmetz, E, Stern, JA, Stokroos, M, Teipen, R, Teyssier, D, Tils, T, Trappe, N, van Baaren, C, van Leeuwen, B-J, van de Stadt, H, Visser, H, Wildeman, KJ, Wafelbakker, CK, Ward, JS, Wesselius, P, Wild, W, Wulff, S, Wunsch, H-J, Tielens, X, Zaal, P, Zirath, H, Zmuidzinas, J & Zwart, F 2010, 'The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)', Astronomy & astrophysics, vol. 518, L6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

AU - de Graauw, Th

AU - Helmich, F. P.

AU - Phillips, T. G.

AU - Stutzki, J.

AU - Caux, E.

AU - Whyborn, N. D.

AU - Dieleman, P.

AU - Roelfsema, P. R.

AU - Aarts, H.

AU - Assendorp, R.

AU - Bachiller, R.

AU - Baechtold, W.

AU - Barcia, A.

AU - Beintema, D. A.

AU - Belitsky, V.

AU - Benz, A. O.

AU - Bieber, R.

AU - Boogert, A.

AU - Borys, C.

AU - Bumble, B.

AU - Cais, P.

AU - Caris, M.

AU - Cerulli-Irelli, P.

AU - Chattopadhyay, G.

AU - Cherednichenko, S.

AU - Ciechanowicz, M.

AU - Coeur-Joly, O.

AU - Comito, C.

AU - Cros, A.

AU - de Jonge, A.

AU - de Lange, G.

AU - Delforges, B.

AU - Delorme, Y.

AU - den Boggende, T.

AU - Desbat, J. -M.

AU - Diez-Gonzalez, C.

AU - Di Giorgio, A. M.

AU - Dubbeldam, L.

AU - Edwards, K.

AU - Eggens, M.

AU - Erickson, N.

AU - Evers, J.

AU - Fich, M.

AU - Finn, T.

AU - Franke, B.

AU - Gaier, T.

AU - Gal, C.

AU - Gao, J. R.

AU - Gallego, J. -D.

AU - Gauffre, S.

AU - Gill, J. J.

AU - Glenz, S.

AU - Golstein, H.

AU - Goulooze, H.

AU - Gunsing, T.

AU - Guesten, R.

AU - Hartogh, P.

AU - Hatch, W. A.

AU - Higgins, R.

AU - Honingh, E. C.

AU - Huisman, R.

AU - Jackson, B. D.

AU - Jacobs, H.

AU - Jacobs, K.

AU - Jarchow, C.

AU - Javadi, H.

AU - Jellema, W.

AU - Justen, M.

AU - Karpov, A.

AU - Kasemann, C.

AU - Kawamura, J.

AU - Keizer, G.

AU - Kester, D.

AU - Klapwijk, T. M.

AU - Klein, Th.

AU - Kollberg, E.

AU - Kooi, J.

AU - Kooiman, P. -P.

AU - Kopf, B.

AU - Krause, M.

AU - Krieg, J. -M.

AU - Kramer, C.

AU - Kruizenga, B.

AU - Kuhn, T.

AU - Laauwen, W.

AU - Lai, R.

AU - Larsson, B.

AU - Leduc, H. G.

AU - Leinz, C.

AU - Lin, R. H.

AU - Liseau, R.

AU - Liu, G. S.

AU - Loose, A.

AU - Lopez-Fernandez, I.

AU - Lord, S.

AU - Luinge, W.

AU - Marston, A.

AU - Martin-Pintado, J.

AU - Maestrini, A.

AU - Maiwald, F. W.

AU - McCoey, C.

AU - Mehdi, I.

AU - Megej, A.

AU - Melchior, M.

AU - Meinsma, L.

AU - Merkel, H.

AU - Michalska, M.

AU - Monstein, C.

AU - Moratschke, D.

AU - Morris, P.

AU - Muller, H.

AU - Murphy, J. A.

AU - Naber, A.

AU - Natale, E.

AU - Nowosielski, W.

AU - Nuzzolo, F.

AU - Olberg, M.

AU - Olbrich, M.

AU - Orfei, R.

AU - Orleanski, P.

AU - Ossenkopf, Volker

AU - Peacock, T.

AU - Pearson, J. C.

AU - Peron, I.

AU - Phillip-May, S.

AU - Piazzo, L.

AU - Planesas, P.

AU - Rataj, M.

AU - Ravera, L.

AU - Risacher, C.

AU - Salez, M.

AU - Samoska, L. A.

AU - Saraceno, P.

AU - Schieder, R.

AU - Schlecht, E.

AU - Schloeder, F.

AU - Schmuelling, F.

AU - Schultz, M.

AU - Schuster, K.

AU - Siebertz, O.

AU - Smit, H.

AU - Szczerba, R.

AU - Shipman, R.

AU - Steinmetz, E.

AU - Stern, J. A.

AU - Stokroos, M.

AU - Teipen, R.

AU - Teyssier, D.

AU - Tils, T.

AU - Trappe, N.

AU - van Baaren, C.

AU - van Leeuwen, B. -J.

AU - van de Stadt, H.

AU - Visser, H.

AU - Wildeman, K. J.

AU - Wafelbakker, C. K.

AU - Ward, J. S.

AU - Wesselius, P.

AU - Wild, W.

AU - Wulff, S.

AU - Wunsch, H. -J.

AU - Tielens, X.

AU - Zaal, P.

AU - Zirath, H.

AU - Zmuidzinas, J.

AU - Zwart, F.

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared ( HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009.Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 x 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms(-1).Result. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

AB - Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared ( HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009.Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 x 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms(-1).Result. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

KW - instrumentation: spectrographs

KW - methods: observational

KW - infrared: general

KW - submillimeter: general

KW - techniques: spectroscopic

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 518

JO - Astronomy & astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & astrophysics

M1 - L6

ER -