Translocation across biological membranes: activity, structure and regulation of transporters

Stephanie Ruiz

Translocation across biological membranes: activity, structure and regulation of transporters

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: Translocatie door biologische membranen: activiteit, structuur en regulering van transporters

Stephanie Ruiz

Enzymologie

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Alle cellen zijn omsloten door biologische membranen met selectief doorlatende membrane, die het mogelijk maken om omstandigheden "binnen" en "buiten" de cel te handhaven. De gereguleerde beweging van moleculen door deze membranen is nodig voor talrijke essentiële processen, waaronder het verkrijgen van voedingsstoffen, het regelen van de concentratie van specifieke verbindingen en het verwijderen van giftige stoffen. Dit wordt vergemakkelijkt door specifieke transportsystemen die moleculen van verschillende maten en chemische eigenschappen transporteren, waaronder ionen, suikers, lipiden, nucleïnezuren en eiwitten.

Biologische membranen bestaan uit een lipide bilayer met ingebede eiwitten. De lipide bilayer is een structuur waarbij de hydrofobe (waterafstotende) uiteinden van membraanlipiden naar een denkbeeldig centraal vlak gericht zijn en hun hydrofiele (waterlichterende) uiteinden naar buiten gericht zijn. Gespecialiseerde eiwitten, genaamd integrale membraaneiwitten, bevinden zich in de lipide bilayer, verbonden met zowel de hydrofiele en hydrofobe uiteinden. Deze eiwitten vormen de basis van membraan transportsystemen.

Dit proefschrift gaat over transportsystemen uit Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakkersgist) en Listeria monocytogenes (een bacterie die de ziekte listeriose veroorzaakt). Hoofdstuk 2 beschrijft de productie van aminozuurtransporteurs van S. cerevisiae die gedetailleerde in vitro studies mogelijk te maken. Hoofdstuk 3 laat zien dat de groei van S. cerevisiae cellen kan worden geremd door aanwezigheid van te veel aminozuren. Hoofdstuk 4 identificeert een onderdeel van S. cerevisiae aminozuurtransporters die bijdragen aan hun activiteit en regulering. Hoofdstuk 6 presenteert nieuwe informatie over de structuur van BilE, een transporteur van L. monocytogenes die belangrijk is voor infectie.

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	Translocatie door biologische membranen: activiteit, structuur en regulering van transporters
Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Poolman, Berend, Supervisor Driessen, Arnold, Supervisor
Datum van toekenning	22-sep.-2017
Plaats van publicatie	[Groningen]
Uitgever	University of Groningen
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-94-034-0008-2
Elektronische ISBN's	978-94-034-0007-5
Status	Published - 2017

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Title and contentsFinal publisher's version, 213 KB
Chapter 1Final publisher's version, 1,94 MB
Chapter 2Final publisher's version, 6,41 MB
Chapter 3Final publisher's version, 2,54 MB
Chapter 4Final publisher's version, 5,31 MB
Chapter 5Final publisher's version, 1,96 MB
Chapter 6Final publisher's version, 5,13 MB
Chapter 7Final publisher's version, 374 KB
Nederlandse samenvattingFinal publisher's version, 96,2 KB
ReferencesFinal publisher's version, 523 KB
AcknowledgementsFinal publisher's version, 63,6 KB
Complete thesisFinal publisher's version, 21,4 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 96,6 KB

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title = "Translocation across biological membranes: activity, structure and regulation of transporters",

abstract = "All cells are enclosed by biological membranes, which are selectively permeable structures that allow for different conditions to be maintained “inside” and “outside”. The regulated movement of molecules over these membranes is required for numerous essential processes including acquiring nutrients, regulating the concentration of specific compounds, and extruding toxic substances. This movement is facilitated by specific transport systems which transport molecules of varying sizes and chemical properties including ions, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, and even folded proteins.Biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. The lipid bilayer is a continuous sheet-like structure where the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails of membrane lipids point towards an imaginary central plane and their hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads orient outwards. Specialized proteins called integral membrane proteins exist embedded within the lipid bilayer, associated with both the hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic core. These proteins form the basis of membrane transport systems.This thesis presents studies on transport systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker{\textquoteright}s yeast) and Listeria monocytogenes (a bacterium which causes the disease listeriosis). Chapter 2 discusses the production of amino acid transporters from S. cerevisiae at sufficient levels to allow detailed studies in vitro. Chapter 3 shows that the growth of S. cerevisiae cells can be inhibited by the presence of excess amino acids. Chapter 4 identifies a part of S. cerevisiae amino acid transporters, which may contribute to their activity and regulation. Chapter 6 presents new information about the structure of BilE, a transporter from L. monocytogenes which is important for infection.",

author = "Stephanie Ruiz",

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AU - Ruiz, Stephanie

PY - 2017

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N2 - All cells are enclosed by biological membranes, which are selectively permeable structures that allow for different conditions to be maintained “inside” and “outside”. The regulated movement of molecules over these membranes is required for numerous essential processes including acquiring nutrients, regulating the concentration of specific compounds, and extruding toxic substances. This movement is facilitated by specific transport systems which transport molecules of varying sizes and chemical properties including ions, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, and even folded proteins.Biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. The lipid bilayer is a continuous sheet-like structure where the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails of membrane lipids point towards an imaginary central plane and their hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads orient outwards. Specialized proteins called integral membrane proteins exist embedded within the lipid bilayer, associated with both the hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic core. These proteins form the basis of membrane transport systems.This thesis presents studies on transport systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) and Listeria monocytogenes (a bacterium which causes the disease listeriosis). Chapter 2 discusses the production of amino acid transporters from S. cerevisiae at sufficient levels to allow detailed studies in vitro. Chapter 3 shows that the growth of S. cerevisiae cells can be inhibited by the presence of excess amino acids. Chapter 4 identifies a part of S. cerevisiae amino acid transporters, which may contribute to their activity and regulation. Chapter 6 presents new information about the structure of BilE, a transporter from L. monocytogenes which is important for infection.

AB - All cells are enclosed by biological membranes, which are selectively permeable structures that allow for different conditions to be maintained “inside” and “outside”. The regulated movement of molecules over these membranes is required for numerous essential processes including acquiring nutrients, regulating the concentration of specific compounds, and extruding toxic substances. This movement is facilitated by specific transport systems which transport molecules of varying sizes and chemical properties including ions, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, and even folded proteins.Biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. The lipid bilayer is a continuous sheet-like structure where the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails of membrane lipids point towards an imaginary central plane and their hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads orient outwards. Specialized proteins called integral membrane proteins exist embedded within the lipid bilayer, associated with both the hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic core. These proteins form the basis of membrane transport systems.This thesis presents studies on transport systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) and Listeria monocytogenes (a bacterium which causes the disease listeriosis). Chapter 2 discusses the production of amino acid transporters from S. cerevisiae at sufficient levels to allow detailed studies in vitro. Chapter 3 shows that the growth of S. cerevisiae cells can be inhibited by the presence of excess amino acids. Chapter 4 identifies a part of S. cerevisiae amino acid transporters, which may contribute to their activity and regulation. Chapter 6 presents new information about the structure of BilE, a transporter from L. monocytogenes which is important for infection.

M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)

SN - 978-94-034-0008-2

PB - University of Groningen

CY - [Groningen]

ER -

Translocation across biological membranes: activity, structure and regulation of transporters

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