Understanding and managing interruptions: How to avoid watching cat videos all day long

Ioanna Katidioti

Understanding and managing interruptions: How to avoid watching cat videos all day long

Ioanna Katidioti

Kunstmatige Intelligentie

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Gedurende de werkdag zijn er continu onderbrekingen die ons werk verstoren en vertragen. De helft van deze onderbrekingen zijn aan onszelf te wijten: emails, social media, koffiepauzes, etc. In mijn proefschrift probeer ik onderbrekingen te begrijpen en te manipuleren met als doel methodes te leren die het verstorende effect van onderbrekingen kunnen verminderen.
Als eerste heb ik gevonden dat mensen afgeleid zijn of zichzelf onderbreken als cognitieve middelen (zoals het visuele systeem, taalverwerking, auditief systeem, etc.) voor een onderbreking beschikbaar zijn. Als mensen tijdens het uitvoeren van een taak werden geconfronteerd met een langzame browser, begonnen ze te chatten om zichzelf bezig te houden. Dit vertraagde deze mensen in hun hoofdtaak. Een ander experiment liet zien dat mensen vaker afgeleid werden door een video van een kat op de achtergrond wanneer de experimentele taak minder gebruik maakte van het visuele systeem. Een verrassend resultaat was dat de moeilijkheidsgraad van de taak geen effect had op hoe afgeleid proefpersonen waren, maar dat de beschikbaarheid van het visuele systeem de verstorende factor was.
Ten tweede heb ik ontdekt dat onderbrekingen door externe factoren (bijvoorbeeld door een app die beslist wanneer je nieuwe emails kunt gaan lezen) minder verstorend werkt dan zelfonderbreking. De beslissing om jezelf te gaan onderbreken kost tijd, en dit had invloed op pupilgrootte, een bekende maat voor cognitieve activiteit. Tenslotte heb ik een managementsysteem voor onderbrekingen ontwikkeld, dat mensen op het optimale moment onderbreekt, gebaseerd op veranderingen in pupilgrootte.

Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Taatgen, Niels, Supervisor Borst, Jelmer, Co-supervisor van Vugt, Marieke, Co-supervisor
Datum van toekenning	24-jun.-2016
Plaats van publicatie	[Groningen]
Uitgever	University of Groningen
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-8978-3
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-8977-6
Status	Published - 2016

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Title and contents Final publisher's version, 196 KB
Chapter 1 Final publisher's version, 715 KB
Chapter 2 Final publisher's version, 105 KB
Chapter 3 Final publisher's version, 935 KB
Chapter 4 Final publisher's version, 1,74 MB
Chapter 5 Final publisher's version, 689 KB
Chapter 6 Final publisher's version, 702 KB
Chapter 7 Final publisher's version, 259 KB
Complete thesisFinal publisher's version, 4,19 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 93,6 KB

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title = "Understanding and managing interruptions: How to avoid watching cat videos all day long",

abstract = "There are constant interruptions that keep interfering with our workday and slow us down. Half of these interruptions are our own fault: emails, social media, coffee breaks… In my thesis, I tried to understand and manage interruptions, with the hope of uncovering information that could reduce their disruptive effect. First, I found that when the cognitive resources (such as vision, language processing, hearing etc.) for an interruption are free, people will be distracted or self-interrupt. While performing a task, people faced a slow browser and started chatting to stay occupied. However, they ended up being slower in the main task. In another study, the fewer visual resources a task required, the more people got distracted by a cat video playing in the background. Surprisingly, the difficulty level of the task did not affect how distracted they were, the availability of visual resources was the disruptive factor.Second, I discovered that being externally interrupted (e.g. by an app that decides when you will check your emails) is less disruptive than self-interrupting. The decision to self-interrupt takes time, which was also reflected in the size of our pupil, a well-known measure of cognitive activity. Finally, I constructed an interruption management system that interrupted people on optimal moments, which were decided by the changes in their pupil dilation.",

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Understanding and managing interruptions: How to avoid watching cat videos all day long

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